D’var Torah Parshat Balak

Bilaam: How Can He Be both a Prophet of God and Super Wicked?

By Evan Weiner | 15 July 2024 | 6 Minute Read

D’var Torah on this Week’s Torah Portion

Would God Choose Someone Wicked to be a Prophet?

I don’t know about you, but I always imagined that you had to be a pretty decent guy in order to be a prophet. Having God talk directly to you sounds like the kind of thing reserved for big tzadikim (righteous people), definitely not for a guy like Bilaam (Balaam), who's nicknamed “HaRasha” (the wicked). If God is willing to talk to people with a reputation for evil like Bilaam, then decent folks like you and me should be getting prophetic messages from God all the time, but we don’t. 

What kind of Prophet was Bilaam? 

Bilaam was the prophet who was highly regarded in his time for the effectiveness of his prophetic blessings and curses (Numbers 22:6), yet to us, he is well known as “Bilaam HaRasha” (בִּלְעָם הָרָשָׁע). Chazal, the Sages of the Mishnah and Talmud, paint a really nasty picture of Bilaam’s character. Just one mild example is in Pirke Avot (5:19), the Sages describe Bilaam as greedy, haughty, and selfish. It just seems so weird that Chazal portray Bilaam as a huge Rasha, and yet, he was still a prophet of God.

Does the Torah Actually Describe Balaam As Wicked?

Another strange thing about Bilaam’s reputation for evil is that when you read the story, a different picture of Bilaam emerges. He keeps saying, “I can only say what God puts in my mouth” (Numbers 22:38), “I can’t transgress anything God says” (Numbers 22:18), and he actually follows through on that. There’s a genuine sense of humility in what he says. Granted, he was willing to curse the Israelites, but he’s just helping save Balak from an existential threat. At the very least, he definitely doesn’t come across as the paradigm of haughtiness like we hear about in Pirke Avot. I don’t think Chazal were just making things up, but what did they see in the Torah that convinced them that Bilaam was so supremely evil?

Exploring a Strange Counterpart

To get a better understanding of why Chazal see Bilaam as such a rasha, we need to explore a strange contrast they make between Bilaam and someone you would least expect: Avraham Avinu (Abraham our father). The two lived centuries apart, their roles in the drama of the Torah are of completely different proportions, and their respective impact on humanity doesn’t even warrant mentioning the two of them in the same breath. Yet, Chazal (in Pirke Avot 5:19) still contrast them. Why?

Chazal are masters at closely reading the Torah, and I believe they actually pick up on some clues connecting the Bilaam story with an important event in Avraham’s life. When you read the Bilaam story, you’ll see him wake up in the morning, saddle his own donkey, set out on a journey accompanied by two young lads, build altars, and get stopped by an angel of God before he completes his mission (see Numbers 22:21-26). Does that sound like anything from Avraham’s life? It sure sounds a lot like the Akeidah, the binding of Isaac, to me (See Genesis 22:3-12). All of these things happen in the Akeidah, almost in the exact same order!

With all these parallels, it seems like the Torah sets up Bilaam’s journey to curse the Israelites as his own “Akeidah-like test.” But what does that even mean? The real Akeidah and Balaam’s “Akeidah” couldn’t seem further apart. Avraham has to sacrifice his beloved son. He is going to lose something so dear and precious to him. But Balaam…he doesn’t need to give up anyone or anything. In fact, he actually stands to gain a lot from his journey to curse the Israelites. Furthermore, when we read the story of Balaam, it’s about how he navigates a straightforward business proposition: he checks with God, gets an answer, and then tries to carry out his end of the deal. He doesn’t have to grapple with the potential loss of a child or the same confounding moral questions confronting Avraham in the Akeidah. So, what is the Torah trying to tell us by creating these parallels? And how does connecting these two journeys help us understand why the Sages attribute such wickedness to Balaam?

In this video Rabbi Fohrman and the Aleph Beta team dive deep into this comparison and emerge with a whole new perspective on Bilaam that has powerful implications for how we engage in doing mitzvot. Subscribe now to add meaning to your Shabbat table and inspire your company with the beauty of the Torah. 

Parshat Balak in a Nutshell

In this week’s Torah portion, Parshat Balak, the King of Moab, is afraid the approaching Israelites will conquer his land. He decides to send for Bilaam, a prophet, to wage a spiritual attack on the Israelites. After initially saying, “No,” God grants Bilaam permission to go with Balak’s messengers. Along the way, we have the famous story of Bilaam and the donkey. Bilaam’s donkey sees a vision of an angel, but Bilaam, oblivious to the angel’s presence, keeps hitting his donkey. Miraculously, Bilaam’s donkey begins to speak. When Bilaam eventually reaches Moab, he attempts to curse the Israelites three times, but each time pronounces blessings instead. 

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